Teachers Roles in Autonomous Learning Shanghais Yan School of foreign Essay

Educators Roles in Autonomous Learning Shanghais Yan School of unknown dialects, Lanzhou University of innovation, Lanzhou, China - Essay Example Student independence did not depend on the above misinterpretations. Thusly, the genuine definition can be caught through the capacity of the student to be dependable just as free. The student is a functioning member and is aware of what they realize, the manner in which they learns just as the time they learn. This type of learning has been degfined by different researchers, including Holec who brought up that the capacity to have command over the learning procedure by the student involves self-governance. Yan (2012) keeps on argueing about the advantages of student self-governance. He brings up that the student has the ability to create energy and activity in what they are realizing. What's more, the student turns out to be free while creating inventiveness and ingenuity. Since student self-rule is advantageous, the educator must assume a job its advancement, contends the creator. He suggests that being the information supplier that commands the class all through the class time, the educator is the most all around put individual to teach student independence. He reasons that the instructor is the facilitator, coordinator and the supervisor to the student. What's more, he is the advocate to the

Impact of E-Commerce technologies on Supply Chain Management

Question: 1.Discuss the Impact of E-Commerce advancements on Supply Chain Management on: 1.1.Impact on procurement1.2.Impact on creation, arranging and control.1.3.Impact on dissemination. Answer: Presentation Internet business has been one of the most significant methods of business in the current worldwide exchange. The business associations are getting upper hands in the serious world and online business happens to be the most reasonable mode of making a business exchange. The business exchange is done through the web and it requires some investment to do the exchange. The job of web based business in the gracefully chain the executives has been valuable (idea.gov.uk, 2017). The web based business has diminished the time and cost and can do the business procedure effectively. The task examines the job of online business in the acquisition, creation, arranging and control exercises of the association. The task additionally talks about how the online business has been the snappiest method of conveyance and how it affected the business arrangement of the organization. The task will examine the example of overcoming adversity off Dell that exploited email request and effectively won the upp er hand by providing the clients different arrangements through online mode. This was conceivable because of incorporated gracefully the board chain applied by the organization. Characterizing gracefully chain the executives Gracefully anchor the board alludes to the arranging the executives of the considerable number of exercises that include in sourcing, acquisition, change the administration of the coordinations. It is the precise, vital coordination of the business elements of the customary methodology the strategies across of these business capacities inside the flexibly chain for the improvement of the presentation of the organization the gracefully chain in general (UCSF, 2017). It is the methodical perspective on the network in the chains so as to make fulfillment of the clients at the hour of the conveyance of the items. The flexibly chain the board has been significant for the worldwide business and for the improvement of the tasks of the business. It improves the rivalries and helps the association for the stock administration. This adds to the expansion of web based business. Effect of web based business advances on the flexibly chain the executives Web based business has offered all the partners of the business to make a simple access to the data to settle on a decision dependent on the worldwide reach. The clients, providers, produces vendors can get the data and the decisions made by them will be gotten to and checked by the business association over the globe. The innovation of web based business has gotten improvement the correspondence between clients firm and it has diminished the time required to get the data. The buy procedure has been hugely affected and the exchange cost has been decreased. The reaction time of the gracefully chain is diminished by the innovation and the correspondence and data stream become quick over the chain. The web based business has been useful for the disintermediation and has decreased the effect of bullwhip impact (Heng, 2015). The internet business has been significant for acquisition, creation, arranging control of the matter of the association. The internet business has likewise a more noteworthy effect on the flexibly chain the board and on the appropriation. 1.1.Impact on obtainment The procedure of the obtainment of a gracefully chain the executives is about the dealing with a proper arrangement of providers the individuals who can bolster the necessities of the procedure of the creation through fats and stream of crude materials. The present worldwide world offers a degree to the business association to discover the providers or the crude materials at the ideal time period with a suitable expense. The procedure of the acquisition sets up community oriented associations with the providers. This will contributes for the acquirement of the necessary sum the quality materials in the assigned time (Heaton, 2017). This has been workable for the internet business. The web based business has decreased the process duration the creation cost. The system availability has built up the procedure of the obtainment. The customarily based exercises like choosing the thing, demand of the buy on the paper, conveyance of materials, receipt the installment have been supplanted. T he arrangement of the Electronic Data Interchange framework empowers the providers and securing association to have quick correspondence. The electronic medium will offer Business to Business model for the web based business. This assists with social occasion required merchandise legitimately on the trade. The internet business has improved Business to Business procedure and offers direct access to know the value, quality, amount, accessibility data that is significant for the business correspondence (Krishnamurthy, 2007). 1.2.Impact of web based business on creation, arranging, and control The assembling procedure of the organization relies upon the need of the clients. The organization produces to fulfill the need of the end-clients. There are various exercises led by the organization for giving items administrations to the purchasers. These exercises are from the guaging, acquisition, stock data the executives, confirmation of value, booking, creating, conveyance, conveyance and client support (Anon., 2017). The web based business encourages the developments of the merchandise by causing cushion loading of the things in the distribution center close to the area of the shoppers with the goal that they to can make prompt conveyance. The gracefully chain development helps in three significant manners. The merchandise are moved towards the heading of the purchasers. The online business helps moves data from buyers to providers and from providers to customers. The developments of the funds are produced using the purchasers to the providers. (Derek, 2017) The Business to Business trade the innovations are utilized to address the interest detecting issues identified with the reactions. The assembling needs are appropriately overseen. The internet business has assisted with meeting the accompanying goals. It improves accomplice joint effort, limits the expense, and aides for detecting the gracefully and it is utilized for coordination. 1.3.Impact on the circulation The significance of the circulation arrange is immense in an association. The intensity of the conveyance system of an association encourages it to arrive at the clients over the globe. The items are effortlessly conveyed to the clients without any problem. The conveyance arrange encourages the association to rival different associations, to upgrade the degrees of the stock and to keep up the distribution centers effectively so as to fulfill the need of the end-clients of the items (entrepreneur.com, 2017). The web based business assumes a job of the go-between and gathers the data according to the inclination of the purchasers, on the patterns of the interest and detecting the interest. Along these lines the web based business assists with spreading accessible data on value, quality, and elements of the items to the clients (Khadar, 2016). Accordingly the web based business bolsters then strategic frameworks, helps the development of the physical products from the makers to the end- clients and offers the dangers identified with the administration of the stock. The web based business has been valuable for the abuse of the economies of scale during the time spent the transportation circulation of the items. The internet business has helped the buyers by offering great types of assistance. Therefore it builds up a connection between the producers and the merchants In this manner web based business makes a situation where advanced merchandise are made and afterward it is reached to the customers toward the end. The web based business stage has assisted with advancing appropriation framework with significant level of normalization, brand picture and confirmation of value and valuation turns out to be low in multifaceted nature. Subsequently the online business has assisted the end clients with getting the items straightforwardly from the producers (Chowdhury, 2008). Effect of web based business of Dell and its effect on creation, arranging, and control and on acquirement and on circulation The interest patterns assist Dell With companying to compose its assembling to deliver the items that are tweaked. For fulfilling the need of the clients the organization utilized a methodology of providing top notch PC parts subassemblies. The organization utilized a flexibly arrange called virtual coordination. The organization had flexibly accomplices who are given interest patterns. The organization centers around propelling new items. The gracefully accomplices were coordinated. The arranging of the activities could assist with incorporating with accomplices of the gracefully to make an arrangement for the tasks so the expense of the inventories will be decreased. This has permitted Dell to work low-stock or Just in time tasks in stock (americanexpress.com, 2011). The clients of the dell are currently ready to make a redid request and that is put away in the database. The organization gets benefits sourcing the information for speedy shipment from the closest assembling unit. The organization has interconnected all the procedures and the frameworks (Geva, 2013). The office server of the organization makes a picture according to the request for the clients. It takes two hours to succession the assembling plan framework The Build to Order process demands for the required materials and it is conveyed by the providers and it is refreshed suitably. The organization isn't requiring distribution center and the stock activities become less. This has made the Dell Company keep up conveyance point at the separations that can be conveyed shortly. The internet business has added to imparting between the production to the clients straightforwardly. End Internet business has added to upgrading the quality of the gracefully the board framework. The flexibly the executives framework has been exceptionally compelling. The web based business has given extension to the buyers, providers, makers and sellers to get to the web and get the data effectively and rapidly. The purchaser cho

Acute Stress Disorder Symptoms and Link to PTSD

Acute Stress Disorder Symptoms and Link to PTSD Acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often go hand-in-hand. This is because a diagnosis of PTSD cannot be made until at least one month after the experience of a traumatic event. Yet, it is likely that people may begin experiencing PTSD-like symptoms soon after a traumatic event. The 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders describes these PTSD-like symptoms occurring within one month of a traumatic experience as Acute Stress Disorder (ASD). Overview of PTSD Symptoms The symptoms of ASD are similar to those of PTSD except they occur soon after the experience of a traumatic event. ASD symptoms include the re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms of PTSD. For example, a person with ASD may experience frequent thoughts, memories, or dreams about the traumatic event. They may also constantly feel on-edge or try to avoid reminders of the event. ASD also includes symptoms of dissociation. Dissociation is an experience where a person may feel disconnected from himself and/or his surroundings. Dissociation may range from temporarily losing touch with what is going on around you (such as what happens when you daydream) to having no memories for a prolonged period of time (blanking out) and/or feeling as though you are outside of your body. You may feel like you are watching yourself as if you were another person. Coping with Dissociation and Flashbacks in PTSD Diagnosis It is normal to experience certain stress-related symptoms following the experience of a traumatic event. Therefore, to be diagnosed with ASD, a person must meet certain requirements (or criteria). These requirements are described by the DSM-IV and are provided below: Criterion A A person must have experienced a traumatic event where both of the following occurred: The person experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with an event where there was the threat of or actual death or serious injury. The event may also have involved a threat to the persons or another persons physical well-being.The person responded to the event with strong feelings of fear, helplessness, or horror. Criterion B The person experiences at least three of the following dissociative symptoms during or after the traumatic event: Feeling numb or detached or having difficulties experiencing emotions.Feeling dazed or not entirely being aware of surroundings.Derealization, or feeling as though people, places, and things are not real.Depersonalization or feeling separated and detached from oneself.Dissociative amnesia, or being unable to recall important parts of the traumatic event. Criterion C The person has at least one re-experiencing symptom, such as having frequent thoughts, memories, or dreams about the event. This may take the form of flashbacks in which the event is experienced as if it were happening against, or nightmares, in which the event is re-lived in some form. Criterion D The person attempts to avoid people, places, or things that remind him or her about the event. Criterion E The person has hyperarousal symptoms, such as feeling constantly on guard or jumpy, having difficulties sleeping, problems with concentration, or irritability. Criterion F The symptoms described above have a great negative impact on the life of the person experiencing them, interfering with work or relationships. Criterion G The symptoms last for at least two days and at most four weeks. The symptoms also occur within four weeks of experiencing the traumatic event. Criterion H The symptoms are not due to an illness or other medical condition, medication being taken, or alcohol/drug use. ASD and PTSD ASD is a serious condition. People with ASD are at greater risk for eventually developing PTSD. Because of the dissociation symptoms of ASD, a person may not be able to recall important parts of the event, as well as the emotions they experienced. This might interfere with a persons ability to fully process the impact of the event and their emotions about the event, hindering the recovery process. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a difficult-to-treat and heart-wrenching condition that can greatly impact the peace and well-being of survivors of trauma. It is hoped that by being able to identify acute stress disorder through these criteria, those who are at risk of developing PTSD will be better identified and monitored so that they can be helped before their symptoms progress to PTSD. There has been debate over how well ASD can predict  PTSDâ€"most people with ASD go on to develop PTSD, but many people diagnosed with PTSD do not have a history of prior ASD. Yet, in addition to having predictive value for PTSD, ASD is a serious condition deserving of thoughtful care and treatment in its own right. If you think you may have ASD, it is important that you meet with a mental health professional trained in assessing and treating ASD. The earlier you recognize and address these symptoms, the greater the chance you have of preventing the development of PTSD, and the greater the chance that you can get started right away in coping with the symptoms you currently have. How to Find a Therapist That Is Right for You

Informative Speech Sports Games - 706 Words

Hey hey hey! I hope your week is going well, and you are well adjusted in all of your classes. I know it seems like a long time, but I would like to thank all of you who joined us for bowling on Saturday. I had a blast, and I hope you had fun too! There are so many things going around campus, but I would like to inform you on several upcoming events. 1) In light of Spirit Week, we were planning on watching either a soccer game or volleyball game together if you want to. I will inform you at the beginning of next week about it. 2) Also, you might have received an email from Mrs. Epling (Sarah) about the Dallas Museum of Fine Arts. If not, it is on our Facebook page. If you are interested in art, you should go! It is about ART,†¦show more content†¦So, if you do think about hosting an event and start collecting ingredients this semester, you will be READY next semester! J I know many of you have participated in the previous â€Å"Our World Cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬ , either by cooking dishes, eating other’s dishes, and even as a personal taste tester! If you have participated in previous years, I do encourage you to participate in it again. You will have a $30 reimbursement for each table if you will make a food from your country. Receipts should be kept! If you are planning to make food, you will make a food and then it is served in small bite size pieces. It is similar to the people in the grocery stores giving you tiny pieces of food for you to try. If you are interested, you should sign up. You wi ll see sign-up sheets in your dorms and also on my room door. It is also attached to this email. It would be great to get everyone signed up right away so that we know who is participating. This will also help so that when you leave for the Christmas holiday to go home, you can bring back the things they may need from your country to decorate their table on January 23rd, 2018. It will be fun and self-rewarding! It is also educational! You learn about each other’s culture and other’s learn about your culture! What better way to share your culture with others than through FOOD! Keep those dates in mind, but do not fret if you cannot remember them all. I will remind you about these upcoming events. If you have any questionsShow MoreRelatedInformative Speech NFL Concussions Essay792 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Informative Speech Outline INTRODUCTION 1. Creative Attention Getter a. My creative attention getter will be playing a video with some hard helmet-to-helmet hits in the NFL 2. Thesis Statement a. Football is a hard-hitting sport and can cause concussions, head injuries, and even permanent brain damage. 3. Preview of the main points a. Concussions can be defined as â€Å"by immediate and transient alteration in brain function, including alteration of mental status and level of consciousness, resultingRead MoreInformative Essay on Golf717 Words   |  3 PagesAn Informative Speech on Golf By: Jamie Schenck I. Introduction a. Golf throughout history has, at its basics, started from men carrying sticks hitting balls on the ground and become a game with extreme depth, excitement, competition, and relaxation. b. Some historians believe that it was the Scottish who invented golf. Although there are two different theories, European history of golf, and Ancient Asian history of golf. c. Two of the most ancient regions golf-like sports haveRead MoreSpeech On Steroids And Major League Baseball1638 Words   |  7 PagesKyle Hamilton SPK 208-20 10/30/16 Persuasive Speech Outline I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: On August 7th, 2007, Barry Bonds hit home run number 756, passing Hank Aaron for the most home runs in Major League history. However, this record is controversial, due to steroid use. B. Thesis: Today I am going to persuade you all about the use of steroids in Major League Baseball, persuading you why steroids should not be allowed in Major League Baseball. I have a call to action for all of you to helpRead MoreSpeech On The Game Of Basketball1118 Words   |  5 PagesSchelbar Comm 2613 June 17, 2015 Informative Speech Outline Preparation I. General Purpose: To inform II. Specific Purpose: To inform the class on how to shoot a basketball. III. Central Idea: The game of basketball has greatly changed since it was invented, but one thing remains constant: You need to know how to shoot a basketball. Introduction I. Open with Impact: The game of basketball is a multimillion-dollar industry and is an easy sport to play. The sport has gained worldwide popularityRead MoreSpeech : Understanding Head Injuries Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Speech Outline Title of speech: Understanding Head Injuries in Soccer Introduction 1. Attention Getter a. Brianna Scurry a two-time Olympic Gold Medalist, goalkeeper for the USA women’s soccer team. â€Å"It was the crowning moment of her career† stated by Washington Post, â€Å"a shootout save in the 1999 World Cup Final against China- was a dramatic, across the goal dive memorialized on sports pages around the world. Surry Yelled and fist pumped but she didn’t really smile†. (Dewey, 2013)Read MoreEsports: Informative Paper1250 Words   |  5 Pagesto Comm Informative Speech Outline Introduction I. Attention-Grabbing introduction: Staple center, Los Angeles, California. Friday November, 4th 2013 1:24PM The Championship match. After a weekend full of ups and downs, twist and turns it all comes to this. 1 week earlier, the previous Friday thousands have flown down to the heart of it all. Crowded around the event hall doors, people everywhere, spectators itching to get the best seats. Players going over in game builds, timingsRead MoreInformative Speech On Softball915 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Speech Outline: The Invention of Softball I. Introduction A. Attention Material: What do you think would be happening on Thanksgiving Day in 1887? Most of you are probably thinking; eating turkey, having family over, or already thinking about Christmas. Well George Hancock had a different agenda. He created the game of softball on that cold November day. B. I am sure all of you have seen someone hit something with a bat; a face, a pià ±ata, or perhaps a ball. Well Hancock watched a manRead MoreThe Pro Football Hall Of Fame And The Year Of His Death1251 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract The subjectively informative written speech was given in 1970 right before his induction into the Pro Football Hall of Fame and the year of his death. This speech applies to multiple areas professional, sports and personal, because of the principles of winning and success throughout it. Mr. Lombardi could never have imagined the impact that this speech would have on the world over 25 years later. This speech has been played for countless people over these years to motivate companies, teamsRead MoreThe Pro Football Hall Of Fame And The Year Of His Death1252 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract The subjectively informative written speech was given in 1970 right before his induction into the Pro Football Hall of Fame and the year of his death. This speech applies to multiple areas professional, sports and personal, because of the principles of winning and success throughout it. Mr. Lombardi could never have imagined the impact that this speech would have on the world over 25 years later. This speech has been played for countless people over these years to motivate companies,Read MoreInformative Speech Outline2182 Words   |  9 Pageswithout stating to whom these ideas or statements belong to. A student suspected of plagiarism can be given a zero mark, and possibly fail the entire course. Assessment: Impromptu speech 10% Informative speech (15% speech, 5% outline) 20% Show and Tell Poster Session (10% speech, 10% poster) 20% Assignment : Group Interaction 10% Final Examination 40% __________________________________________________________________ Total 100%

Biography of Edna St. Vincent Millay, American Poet

Edna St. Vincent Millay was a popular poet, known for her Bohemian (unconventional) lifestyle. She was also a playwright and actress. She lived from  February 22, 1892 to October 19, 1950.   She sometimes published as Nancy Boyd, E. Vincent Millay, or Edna St. Millay.  Her poetry, rather traditional in form but adventurous in content, reflected her life in dealing forthrightly with sex and independence in women. A nature mysticism pervades much of her work. Early Years Edna St. Vincent  Millay was born in 1892. Her mother, Cora Buzzelle Millay, was a nurse, and her father,  Henry Tolman Millay, a teacher. Millays parents divorced in 1900 when she was eight, reportedly because of her fathers gambling habits. She and her two younger sisters were raised by their mother in Maine, where she developed an interest in literature and began writing poetry. Early Poems and Education By the age of 14, she was publishing poetry in the childrens magazine, St. Nicholas, and read an original piece for her high school graduation from Camden High School in Camden, Maine. Three years after graduation, she followed her mothers advice and submitted a long poem to a contest. When the anthology of selected poems was published, her poem, Renascence, won critical praise. On the basis of this poem, she won a scholarship to Vassar, spending a semester at Barnard in preparation. She continued to write and publish poetry while in college, and also enjoyed the experience of living among so many intelligent, spirited, and independent young women. New York Soon after graduation from Vassar in 1917, she published her first volume of poetry, including Renascence. It was not particularly financially successful, though it won critical approval, and so she moved with one of her sisters to New York, hoping to become an actress. She moved to Greenwich Village, and soon became part of the literary and intellectual scene in the Village. She had many lovers, both female and male, while she struggled to make money with her writing. Publishing Success After 1920, she began to publish mostly in Vanity Fair, thanks to editor Edmund Wilson who later proposed marriage to Millay. Publishing in Vanity Fair meant more public notice and a bit more financial success. A play and a poetry prize were accompanied by illness, but in 1921, another Vanity Fair editor arranged to pay her regularly for writing she would send from a trip to Europe. In 1923, her poetry won the Pulitzer Prize, and she returned to New York, where she met and quickly married a wealthy Dutch businessman, Eugen Boissevant, who supported her writing and took care of her through many illnesses.   Boissevant had earlier been married to  Inez Milholland Boiisevan, dramatic woman suffrage proponent who died in 1917.   They had no children In following years, Edna St. Vincent Millay found that performances where she recited her poetry were sources of income. She also became more involved in social causes, including womens rights and defending Sacco and Vanzetti. Later Years: Social Concern and Ill Health In the 1930s, her poetry reflects her growing social concern and her grief over her mothers death. A car accident in 1936 and general ill health slowed her writing. The rise of Hitler disturbed her, and then the invasion of Holland by the Nazis cut off her husbands income. She also lost many close friends to death in the 1930s and 1940s. She had a nervous breakdown in 1944. After her husband died in 1949, she continued to write, but died herself the next year. A last volume of poetry was published posthumously. Key works: Renascence (1912)Renascence and Other Poems (1917)A Few Figs from Thistles (1920)Second April (1921)The Harp-Weaver and Other Poems (1923)The Kings Henchman (1927)The Buck in the Snow and Other Poems (1928)Fatal Interview (1931)Wine from These Grapes (1934)Conversation at Midnight (1937)Huntsman, What Quarry? (1939)Make Bright the Arrows (1940)The Murder of Lidice (1942)Mine the Harvest (published 1954) Selected Edna St. Vincent Millay Quotations †¢ Let us forget such words, and all they mean,as Hatred,  Bitterness  and Rancor,Greed, Intolerance, Bigotry.Let us renew our faith and pledge to Manhis right to be Himself,and free. †¢ Not Truth, but Faith it is that keeps the world alive. †¢ I shall die, but that is all that I shall do for Death; I am not on his pay-roll. †¢ I will not tell him the whereabouts of my friendsnor of my enemies either.Though he  promise  me much I will not map himthe route to any mans door.Am I a spy in the land of the livingThat I should deliver men to death?Brother, the password and the plans of our cityare safe with me.Never through me shall you be overcome.I shall die, but that is all I shall do for death. †¢ Into the  darkness  they go, the wise and the lovely. †¢ The soul can split the sky in two,And let the face of God shine through. †¢ God, I can push the grass apartAnd lay my finger on thy heart! †¢ Dont stand so near me!I  am become a socialist. I loveHumanity; but I hate people.(character Pierrot in  Aria da Capo, 1919) †¢ There is no God.But it does not matter.Man  is enough. †¢ My candle burns at both ends... †¢ It is not true that life is one damn thing after another. It’s one damn thing over and over. †¢ [John Ciardi about Edna St. Vincent Millay] It was not as a craftsman nor as an influence, but as the creator of her own legend that she was  most alive  for us. Her success was  as  a figure of passionate living. Selected Poems by Edna St. Vincent Millay Afternoon on a Hill I will be the gladdest thing  Under the sun!I will touch a hundred flowers  And not pick one. I will look at cliffs and clouds  With quiet eyes,Watch the wind bow down the grass,  And the grass rise. And when lights begin to show  Up from the town,I will mark which must be mine,  And then start down! Ashes of Life Love has gone and left me, and the days are all alike.Eat I must, and sleep I will - and would that night were here!But ah, to lie awake and hear the slow hours strike!Would that it were day again, with twilight near! Love has gone and left me, and I dont know what to do;This or that or what you will is all the same to me;But all the things that I begin I leave before Im through -Theres little use in anything as far as I can see. Love has gone and left me, and the neighbors knock and borrow,And life goes on forever like the gnawing of a mouse.And to-morrow and to-morrow and to-morrow and to-morrowTheres this little street and this little house. Gods World O world, I cannot hold thee close enough!  Ã‚   Thy winds, thy wide grey skies!  Ã‚   Thy mists that roll and rise!Thy woods this autumn day, that ache and sagAnd all but cry with colour!   That gaunt cragTo crush!   To lift the lean of that black bluff!World, World, I cannot get thee close enough! Long have I known a glory in it all,  Ã‚   But never knew I this;  Ã‚   Here such a passion isAs stretcheth me apart, -- Lord, I do fearThoust made the world too beautiful this year;My soul is all but out of me, -- let fallNo burning leaf; prithee, let no bird call. When the Year Grows Old I cannot but remember  When the year grows old --October -- November --  How she disliked the cold! She used to watch the swallows  Go down across the sky,And turn from the window  With a little sharp sigh. And often when the brown leaves  Were brittle on the ground,And the wind in the chimney  Made a melancholy sound, She had a look about her  That I wish I could forget --The look of a scared thing  Sitting in a net! Oh, beautiful at nightfall  The soft spitting snow!And beautiful the bare boughs  Rubbing to and fro! But the roaring of the fire,  And the warmth of fur,And the boiling of the kettle  Were beautiful to her! I cannot but remember  When the year grows old --October -- November --  How she disliked the cold!

thesis statement example †pros and cons of minimum wage uk Free Essays

string(45) " the 50th and 90th percentile \(a 34% gap\)\." Introduction The National Minimum Wage represents a minimum amount, usually per hour, that most workers are entitled to receive for their labour. The introduction of the minimum wage has the objective of improving income equality, especially for those with fewer skills. The National Minimum Wage Act 1998 was introduced to the United Kingdom by the Labour Party, ensuring that almost all workers receive a certain remuneration for work performed (BIS, 2011) and is reviewed yearly by the Low Pay Commission (LPC). We will write a custom essay sample on thesis statement example – pros and cons of minimum wage uk or any similar topic only for you Order Now Not all UK workers are entitled to the minimum wage, with the self-employed and those of compulsory school age being exempt from the incentive. By definition, not all people in the country receive the minimum wage rate, however the employment law enforced by the Department of Business, Innovation, and Skills (BIS) aims to ensure that all employees over the age of 16 receive a minimum wage. The UK Government proposes that the National Minimum Wage protects low-income workers from low rates of pay, and provides greater incentive to work (BIS, 2011). Additionally, the BIS (2011) claims that the minimum wage ensures that business competitiveness results from the quality of goods and services rather than low prices enabled by low pay. Estimates put the proportion of UK working age individuals receiving the minimum wage at between four and six percent (LPC, 2007). The minimum wage has been proposed to improve the wage of the lowest earners of an economy, something that has been evident in those in the bottom half of the earnings distribution in the United States (diNardo et al., 1996; Lee, 1999). In the 1980s, the US minimum wage was fixed at a nominal level, therefore declining in relation to average earnings. This subsequently caused a dramatic rise in wage inequality for those workers in the bottom half of the wage distribution (Dickens Manning, 2004). These observations demonstrate the effectiveness of a minimum wage on improving wage equality at bottom end of the spectrum. HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) enforce the adherence of businesses to the National Minimum Wage, and those employers found to be incompliant will face legal action. On a case-by-case basis, criminal proceedings may be enforced if employees commit any offences under the act. Such offenses include refusing to pay the minimum wage, failing to preserve or forging related records, and obstructing any investigation. Criminal proceedings may include a fine, and additionally the HMRC are able to seize property to obtain and enforce the minimum wage jurisdiction (BIS, 2011). Despite the introduction of the minimum wage as an employment law in the UK, not all employees receive a minimum wage. The National Minimum Wage Compliance Strategy (BIS, 2010) identified over 23,000 workers that were not paid the minimum wage in 2008/2009. Employee’s tactics to avoid paying this include keeping two sets of books, using accountants to falsify records, and failing to produce detailed records in effort to avoid conviction by the HMRC (BIS, 2011). Identification of these employees meant that it was possible to ensure payment in arrears for the neglect of the minimum wage. Whilst this is a positive outcome, and these neglected workers receive their entitled wages, ensuring employer compliance with the minimum wage is still a main governmental pursuit (LPC, 2012). The Low Pay Commission are continually identifying employers that are not paying their workers the minimum wage (937 cases in 2010/11). Additionally, data show that in April 2011, approximately 233,000 UK adults were paid less than the minimum wage (LPC, 2012). Not all individuals receiving less than the prescribed minimum wage (currently ?6.08 p/h for over 21s, ?4.98 for 18-21 year olds [HMRC, 2012]) are doing so against the minimum wage employment law. Exceptions include workers who have accommodation provided by their employer, apprentices and interns. One group particularly vulnerable to not receiving the national minimum wage is migrant workers. Research has shown that migrant workers have filled gaps in the UK labour market, however have also put downward pressure on wages at the bottom of the distribution, which have been prevented from falling further by the national minimum wage. The existence of a minimum wage to prevent wages falling further has positive implications for native workers, meaning they do not fall subject to lower wage rates. It also however, means that wages are unable to fall to a rate at which supply meets demand potentially leading to an increase in unemployment for those in unskilled jobs. The implications of t he minimum wage for unemployment are not constrained to the presence of migrant workers, and this will be discussed in more detail later on. As well as having an impact on the labour market, migrant workers have been shown to be examples of people in the country receiving less than the prescribed rate. Research by French and Mohrke (2006) found that some employers of migrant workers put various charges on their salaries, reducing wages below the minimum wage, and deducting accommodation fees that were in excess of the legal allowance. The exploitation of migrant workers was further highlighted by Moore and Watson (2009) who discovered that they were at risk from low wages, unclear payslips and unauthorised deductions from wages. It is therefore clear that the introduction of a national minimum wage in the UK has not provided everyone in the country with a wage above the prescribed rate, however the Government measures and implemented compliance enforcing techniques are further insuring that those entitled are receiving the minimum wage. There is considerable evidence to show a compression of the lower wage distribution and therefore improvement of wage inequality as a result of the introduction of a national minimum wage. Machin et al. (2003) investigated this effect in the care home industry, a low-wage heavy sector, finding that the minimum wage had a sizeable impact on wage dispersion. The inequality between those earning in the 10th percentile (the lowest paid workers) and the 50th percentile (mid pay-range) reduced from 21% to 9%. There was no change between wages in the 50th and 90th percentile (a 34% gap). You read "thesis statement example – pros and cons of minimum wage uk" in category "Essay examples" This effect is replicated in the UK labour market, with Butcher, Dickens and Manning (2012) finding evidence that income inequality at the bottom of the wage distribution since the introduction of the minimum wage. These findings demonstrate a ‘greatness’ of the minimum wage in achieving t he Government’s aim of protecting the lowest earners from low wages, and achieving a more equal wage distribution. Despite evidence of the desired effects on wage equality, the ‘greatness’ of the national minimum wage is something that has received debate since its introduction, with both scepticism and support for its effect on the UK labour market and economy. Economic theory would suggest that in certain economic conditions, such as a recession, a national minimum wage would inflict a negative impact on employment, with employers being unable to afford workers and these workers being unable to offer their services for a lower wage to escape unemployment. Additionally, there is some evidence to suggest that employers substitute their unskilled workers for increased use of technology (Bullock et al., 2001; Gilman, 2002) to maintain productivity. Despite this, investigations into the rate of unemployment have shown few effects of a wage floor on jobs (Petongolo Van Reenen, 2011). The LPC acknowledges the existence of a pay level that would ‘destroy’ large numbers of jobs and aims to ensure that the minimum wage does not rise to this level (Manning, 2012). The LPC does, however, highlight several issues that have arisen in the labour market as a result of the minimum wage, which may compensate for not cutting employment rates. These responses to increased labour costs include cutting overtime hours, decreasing annual leave entitlement and pensions, merging pay zones, and reducing working hours (LPC, 2011). Although keeping individuals employed, these compensatory measures may mean that workers are not actually receiving a gain from the introduction of a minimum wage. However, the LPC subsequently states that reduced hours have not affected weekly earnings. Another viewpoint is that the minimum wage actually encourages people into the workforce by providing increased incentive to work. For the voluntarily unemployed, it becomes more beneficial for them to enter into work instead of receiving unemployment benefits. This may explain why any effect of the minimum wage on employment levels in low-earners has been negligible (Manning, 2012). It is also important to consider the effects of having to pay a minimum wage on the employers. Some businesses have responded to the minimum wage by increasing their prices, or accepting a lower profit margin (LPC, 2011). This may have implications for demand for products, and lower profits will have implications for investment in technology, advancements and training, as well as business growth. Consequently, a slowing in business growth has implications for employment, living standards, and consumer confidence (Riley, 2006). Whilst employers may suffer with increased labour costs, the minimum wage has also been suggested to have an impact on the productivity of workers. Standard neo-classical models would suggest that when introducing a minimum wage, all workers producing an output (marginal product) below that of the wage rate would likely be dismissed, as the firm substitutes labour for capital. The productivity of the workforce would therefore rise, as the same level of output w ould be required from fewer labour inputs (Forth O’Mahoney, 2003). If this scenario holds true, it is evident again that unemployment would likely increase. Alternatively, as suggested by efficiency wage theory (Rebitzer Taylor, 1995), employees may increase their marginal product in response to increased motivation from higher wages. This may also occur as a result of further employer supervision of effort as employers seek to protect their increased investment. Additional hypotheses suggest that to avoid dismissal, workers seek to increase their skills and education and therefore the quality of their output (Cubitt Heap, 1999). This has positive implication for employment, as employers will not need to dismiss any workers and therefore output would rise equally with labour costs (Forth O’Mahoney, 2003). Opposing theories claim that rather than providing incentive to gain skills and remain in employment, the guarantee that all workers receive above a minimum amount will lead to lack of labour force skill development. It has been proposed that this occurs because young unskilled workers are enticed out of education and training and into the job market (Neumark Wascher, 2008) something that has been shown in other countries. The UK’s LPC are concerned that there not be an incentive for young people to leave training (Croucher White, 2011) and additionally have observed that the decision of young adults to stay in full-time education has been unaffected by wage rates (De Coulon et al., 2010). Whilst the improvement of pay inequality at the bottom end of the wage distribution cannot be disputed, raising the pay of low skilled workers may lead to the demand for companies to ensure the maintenance of pay differentials as higher-up workers insist on pay rises. In a case study, (Denvir Loukas, 2006) found that 56% of companies interviewed had changed their hourly pay rates for those earning above the minimum wage in order to maintain wage differentials. This puts further pressure on companies’ labour costs and pressure to maintain employment levels, prices and profits. Whilst the minimum wage is pulling the lower skilled workers out of poverty, it may seek to push the wages of those greater skilled and earning employees even higher, and thus furthering inequality at the between those earning in the middle and top percentiles. This is something noted by Manning (2011) who asserts that it is those earning in the middle part of the income distribution that are feeling the real squeeze in their incomes. Although the minimum wage serves to protect those at the lower end of the wage spectrum, those earning higher rates may also be pushed out of employment or forced to absorb the work of lower skilled workers as employers are forced to make redundancies. The introduction of a national minimum wage means that all workers meeting the criteria, regardless of location within the country, are entitled to receive the minimum rate or above. This has implications for those living in more expensive regions of the UK, where the minimum wage has greater ‘bite’, reaching further up the wage distributions in certain geographic regions than others (Stewart, 2002). This therefore means that the effect of the minimum wage and way that it works will differ in each geographical area. Some theorists argue for a regional variation in minimum wages (Smith, 2006), founded on the argument that employment and company efficiency in certain regions may be adversely affected by a minimum wage rate that is above the region’s productivity levels (Dolton et al., 2008). For example, whilst a higher minimum wage may be applicable in a highly competitive and productive capital city, this wage rate may not be sustained in a rural community with lo wer costs of living. It must also be appreciated however, that productivity, unemployment and employment rates have varied across regions from well before the inception of the minimum wage. Investigation by Dolton et al. (2008) elucidates the impact of regional variation on minimum wage effects, showing that areas where the minimum wage has a larger bite experienced larger declines in the 50th percentile- 5th percentile wage ratios than elsewhere. They additionally found that these areas were more susceptible to higher rates of unemployment in the first few years of the minimum wage introduction, which then reversed with these areas experiencing lower rates of unemployment in the years to follow. Additionally, the discrepancy between the minimum wage bite between geographical regions does not just have implications for the labour market as a whole, it also affects individual workers differently. Whilst the wage has been introduced to reduce poverty, increase living standards and inequality amongst the low skilled workers, it seems ironic that this may be a case more greatly than for others dependent on where they live. Consider the case of a set of twin brothers, who both work as toilet attendants. On the minimum wage, twin A, who lives in Northumbria has a purchasing power 10% greater than twin B, who lives in greater London, meaning that twin B has to work an eleven days to be able to purchase the same goods as twin A (Office for National Statistics, 2010). Disparity such as this has been recognised by the UK government, reflected in the introduction of the London Living Wage, whereby London address holder employees of Greater London Authority member companies (such as the NHS) benefit from an increased wage rate. Overall, the ‘greatness’ of the minimum wage can be seen in its assurance that no employees of working age will be subjected to low or unfair wage rates. The national minimum wage ensures that no members of the labour force need live in poverty, although the regional variations in such a statement have implications. The quality of life and fairness for individuals provided by the minimum wage is of great importance, and this is something that is emphasised by the UK government’s efforts to ensure compliance to the minimum wage jurisdiction. Despite benefit for many individuals, a national minimum wage presents many implications for countries’ labour markets and economies. The results of these implications can be controlled with an effective wage floor rate, and the issue of balance should be carefully considered and monitored by any regulatory body. References Bullock, A., Hughes, A., Wilkinson, F. (2001) The Impact of the National Minimum Wage on Small and Medium Sized Businesses in the Cleaning and Security Sectors, Cambridge: Centre for Business Research. Butcher, T., Dickens, R., Manning, A. (2012) â€Å"The Impact of the National Minimum Wage on the Wage Distribution†. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. Croucher, R. Rizov, M. (2011) The Impact of the UK National Minimum Wage on Productivity by Low-paying Sectors and Firm-size Groups. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. Cubitt, R. Heap, S. (1999) Minimum wage legislation, investment and human capital, Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 46, pp. 135-57. De Coulon, A., E. Meschi, E., Swaffield, J., Vignoles, A., Wadsworth, J. (2010) Minimum Wage and Staying-on Rates in Education for Teenagers. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. Denvir, A. Loukas, G. (2006) The Impact of the National Minimum Wage: Pay Differentials and Workplace Change. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (2011) National Minimum Wage Annual Report for 2010/11. London: Crown Copyright. Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (2010) National Minimum Wage Compliance Strategy. London: Crown Copyright. Dickens, R., Manning, A (2004) Has the national minimum wage reduced UK wage inequalityJournal of the Royal Statistical Society A, 167, 613-626. diNardo, J., Fortin, N., Lemieux, T. (1996) Labour market institutions and the distribution of wages, 1973-1993: A semi-parametric approach. Economertrica, 64(5), pp. 1001-1045. Dolton, P., Rosazza-Bondibene, C. Wadsworth, J. (2008) The Geography of the National MW, Report for the Low Pay Commission. Gilman, M., Edwards, P., Ram, M. Arrowsmith, J. (2002) Pay determination in small firms in the UK: the case of the response to the National Minimum Wage, Industrial Relations Journal, 33(1), pp. 52- 67. HM Revenue and Customs (n.d) The National Minimum Wage [WWW] HM Revenue and Customs. Available from: http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/paye/payroll/day-to-day/nmw.htm [Accessed 01/08/2012]. Forth, J., O’Mahoney, M. (2003) The impact of the national minimum wage on labour productivity: An analysis using industry data. Research Report for the Low Pay Commission. French, S., Mohrke, J. (2006) â€Å"The Impact of ‘new arrivals’ upon the North Staffordshire labour market†. Research Report for the low Pay Commission. Lee, D. (1999) Wage inequality in the United States during the 1980s: Rising dispersion or falling minimum wageQuarterly Journal of Economics, 114(3), pp. 977-1023. Low Pay Commission (2007) National Minimum Wage, Low Pay Commission Report. London: Crown Copyright. Low Pay Commission (2011) National Minimum Wage, Low Pay Commission Report. London: Crown Copyright. Low Pay Commission (2012) National Minimum Wage, Low Pay Commission Report. London: Crown Copyright. Machin, S., Manning, A., Rahman, L. (2003) Where Minimum Wage Bites Hard: The Introduction of the UK National Minimum Wage to a Low Wage Sector. Journal of the European Economic Association, 1(1), pp. 154-180. Manning, A. (2011) Wage inequality and job polarization show that it is time to be pursuing from the highest-earners to those with middle and lower incomes. [WWW] British Politics and Policy at LSE. Available from: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/38319/ (Accessed: 01/08/2012). Moore, S., Watson, M (2009) UNISON Migrant Workers Participation Project Evaluation Report. London: UNISON Communications Unit. Neumark, D. W. Wascher, (2008). Minimum Wages. Cambridge: MIT Press. Office for National Statistics (2010) UK Relative Regional Consumer Price levels for Goods and Services for 2010. Office for National Statistics. Petrongolo, B., Van Reenen, J. (2011) The level of youth unemployment is at a record high. Policy makers should focus on strengthening and refining welfare-to-work and education-to-work programmes and forget about caps on immigration or reductions in the minimum wage which would do nothing to help. [WWW] British Politics and Policy at LSE. Available from: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/38022/. (Accessed: 01/08/2012). Rebitzer, J., Taylor, L. (1995). The consequences of minimum wage laws: Some new theoretical ideas. Journal of Public Economics, 56, pp. 245-255. Riley, J (2006) AS Macroeconomics/ International Economy [WWW] Tutor2u. Available from: http://tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/as-macro-economic-growth.html {Accessed: 01/08/2012}. Smith, D. (2006) Does Britain Have Regional Justice or Injustice in its Government Spending and Taxation?, Economic Research Council Digest, 37(1), pp. 9-26. Stewart M. (2002) Estimating the impact of the minimum wage using geographical wage variation, Oxford Bulletin of Economics Statistics, 64(5), pp. 583-606. How to cite thesis statement example – pros and cons of minimum wage uk, Essay examples

AssignmentIII The Idea Of People Being Social In Nature Can Be Clearly Essay Example For Students

AssignmentIII The Idea Of People Being Social In Nature Can Be Clearly Essay illustrated by the groups, or communities that one sees all around them. Groups of individuals share a common perspective of what reality consists of, this is known as culture(Charon, 1997). This reality is perceived through our interactions with others in the group and by what our position is within that group(Charon, 1997). The way in which we see the world is in a sense limited by both our position and our interactions. In order to actually fill your position in the group you need to have a working set of ideas and concepts to get the job done(Charon, 1997). This working set of ideas is actually formed by the interactions that you have with other people who have the same position as you. It works for everyone else, and therefore you can t just randomly choose another set of concepts and ideas andexpect them to work, so you choose the ideas, concepts, and means that your peers use(Charon, 1997). For instance, if you are a Chemist, you obtain knowledge and perspectives consistent of your environment, i.e. chemistry, you would not learn a great deal about molecular biology because those concepts and ideas are not useful to you. We don t have a complete picture of everything around usbecause we perceive only the things which fit into our social structure(Charon, 1997). Reality is not a Velcro Nerf dart toss of facts and ideas, but rather a magnetic selection of those facts and ideas which are conducive to our pre-constructed structure. To one man power and riches are the greatest thing to achieve, but to a bum The oiliest thing is to have a warm placeto sleep (Coleman,1982:207). It s unfortunate that these conceptscan be utilized by a dictator to gain control and power for his own ideas and concepts. Hitler was just such a man, he used a social construct known as patriotism, that is, sense of pride and connection with everyone within a society. Hitler rallied people by the droves claiming economic bloom, and prosperity for all if they submit to the organization, and promised death to any that were not within that organization. He kept them thinking the same thoughts, holding the same beliefs, and striving towards a common cause, and six million Jewish people gave their lives up for not being part of his concept of community. The German people believed in the concepts and ideas because Hitler was going to bring them prosperity once he got rid of those niggardly Jews . When someone is told to electrocute another person to train them to respond with positive answers only, they take it as their role to do so without questioning, even if the shock was strong enough to be lethal(Meyers, 1970). Such was the case in a study done in North Carolina(Meyers, 1970). It illustrates how we are socialized to be an equal member of the community. We do and believe that which is necessary to fulfill our role in the community, and so our perspective is that of our communities. (Charon, 1997) In short, we all are socialized into the people we become, and we only associate with people that are socialized in a similar manner as ourselves(Charon, 1997). Those that are similar form a community and teach new members of the community what their status quo is through example and explicit instruction. And this is what makes us social in nature, that we rely on others to justify ourselves, this need for acceptance leads us to alter our perspective to match that of those we wish to be accepted by. The social structure being what it is, there is a situation in which ones community can be very limiting. Take the homeless for example, a homeless person has ragged clothes, no address, no phone number, sometimes no identification, and no resources for obtaining these(Coleman, 1982). .u715b20ebf4d0e7133c5038477e815482 , .u715b20ebf4d0e7133c5038477e815482 .postImageUrl , .u715b20ebf4d0e7133c5038477e815482 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u715b20ebf4d0e7133c5038477e815482 , .u715b20ebf4d0e7133c5038477e815482:hover , .u715b20ebf4d0e7133c5038477e815482:visited , .u715b20ebf4d0e7133c5038477e815482:active { border:0!important; } .u715b20ebf4d0e7133c5038477e815482 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u715b20ebf4d0e7133c5038477e815482 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u715b20ebf4d0e7133c5038477e815482:active , .u715b20ebf4d0e7133c5038477e815482:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u715b20ebf4d0e7133c5038477e815482 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u715b20ebf4d0e7133c5038477e815482 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u715b20ebf4d0e7133c5038477e815482 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u715b20ebf4d0e7133c5038477e815482 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u715b20ebf4d0e7133c5038477e815482:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u715b20ebf4d0e7133c5038477e815482 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u715b20ebf4d0e7133c5038477e815482 .u715b20ebf4d0e7133c5038477e815482-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u715b20ebf4d0e7133c5038477e815482:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Personal Narrative Essay Example High School A homeless person would need a job to get the necessary components needed to get a job, and so they have restricted life chances(Coleman, 1982). The homeless learn this and limit themselves further by believing that their position is the only one they can hold, and have no choice(Coleman, 1982).BibliographyBibliographyBIBLIOGRAPHY Charon, M. Joel. 1998. Ten Questions, A Sociological Perspective.California: Wadsworth Publishing Company. Coleman, R. John. 1982 Diary of a homeless man Pp.203-215in Down to Earth Sociology,Introductory readings, edited by James M. Henslin. New York,NY: The Free Press. Meyer, Phillip. 1970 If Hitler Asked you to Electrocute aStranger, Would You? Probably Pp. 186-192 in Down to EarthSociology,Introductory readings, edited by James M. Henslin. New York,NY: The Free Press.